A

A4 Paper: paper size 210 x 297mm used for letterhead, flyers, brochures, magazines, etc.

Acrobat: An Adobe Acrobat program used to create and use pdf (portable document format) files that enable the file to be viewed on almost any computer operating system. You can download the Adobe Acrobat from http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html

Airbrush: Drawing instrument shaped like a pencil that operates as a small pressure gun to apply watercolour pigment in a very fine spray by means of compressed air. Used to correct and obtain tone or graduated tone effect, the instrument gives a very smooth finish to artwork. It is widely employed for retouching of drawings and photographs. Airbrushed artwork may be used for reproduction by any printing process as well as for sign and poster displays.

Airbrushed/Airbrushed photo has also been used to describe glamour photos in which a model's imperfections have been removed, or in which their attributes have been enhanced.

Alignment: is the setting of text flow or image placement relative to a page, column, table cell or tab. The type alignment setting is sometimes referred to as text alignment. There are four basic typographic alignments:

• left—the text is aligned along the left margin or gutter;
• right—the text is aligned along the right margin or gutter;
• justified—text is aligned along the left margin, and letter- and word-spacing is adjusted so that the text falls flush with the right margin, also known as full justification;
• centered—text is aligned to neither the left nor right margin; there is an even gap at the end of each line.

Aliasing: The appearance of jagged distortions in curves and diagonal lines in computer graphics because the resolution is limited or diminished.

Alteration: Any change made by the customer after copy or artwork has been given to the designer, separator or printer. The change could be in copy, specifications or both. Also called AA, author alteration and customer alteration.

Ampersand: The character "&" that is used to represent the word "and".

Artwork: most commonly refers to art created on a computer in digital form.  (copy, including type, photos/images and illustrations, intended for printing or viewing on computer.

B

Background:

Board Paper: General term for paper over 110 GSM, 80# cover or 200 gsm that is commonly used for products such as file folders, displays and post cards. Also called paperboard.

Body: The main text of work not including the headlines.

Bond paper: Category of paper commonly used for writing, printing and photocopying.

Bitmap: In computer graphics, a bitmap or pixmap is a type of memory organization or image file format used to store digital images. The term bitmap comes from the computer programming terminology, meaning just a map of bits, a spatially mapped array of bits. Now, along with pixmap, it commonly refers to the similar concept of a spatially mapped array of pixels. Raster images in general may be referred to as bitmaps or pixmaps, whether synthetic or photographic, in files or in memory.

Bleed: Printing that extends to the edge of the paper. This is done by printing beyond the trim marks on an oversized sheet and then trimming back to the desired size.

Border: The decorative design or rule around image/graphic/photo/text on a page.

Bullet: A dot at the beginning of a line or phrase used to get attention.

C

Caption: A short explanation or description normally positioned at the bottom or below a photo or image.
Case sensitive: Terminology used to indicate that inputting upper or lowercase characters into a field are significant (eg: passwords).

Centre spread: The two facing pages appearing in the centre of a publication.

CMYK: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black. These are primary printing process colours. Black is shown by the letter K which stands for the key plate, a printing plate that helps position and register other colours.

Copy Editor:

Colour Separation: A method of preparing colour artwork for printing by separating it into individual colours using the process of spot colour separation.

Coated Paper: Paper with a coating of clay and other substances that improves reflectivity and ink holdout. Mills produce coated paper in the four major categories cast, gloss, dull and matte.

Collate: To organize printed material in a specific order as requested.

Copyright ©: The legal ownership of a "work," which can take any of the following forms: written text, program source code, graphics images, sculpture, music, sound recording, motion picture, pantomime, choreograph and architecture. Before January 1, 1978, a work had to be published to be copyrighted. After that date, any work expressed in paper or electronic form is automatically copyrighted for the life of the author plus 70 years. Registration with the Copyright Office is not required.

Crop: Trimming an image to fit a given space. Also this technique is used to eliminate unwanted parts of an image.

Crop marks: Marks at the corner of an image pointing out where to trim a printed page. Crop marks also called trim marks.

D

Document: A file created on a computer by software. Known also as a data file.

DPI: Dots Per Inch. The number of dots that can be printed per inch. The more dots per inch, the greater the resolution and final output quality of an image. As well  as measure of resolution of input devices such as scanners, display devices such as monitors, and output devices such as laser printers, image setters and monitors.

Drop shadow: An offset shadow behind an image or text, giving a sense of depth.

Duotone: A technique mixing two colours, providing a richer toned image than a monotone image. This can be an effective design method when using limited colours is necessary. As well as black-and-white photograph reproduced using two halftone negatives, each shot to emphasize different tonal values in the original.

Die Cut: To cut irregular shapes in paper or paperboard using a die.

Dummy: Simulation of the final product. Also called mockup.

E

Element: Any object in a drawing application such as text, a shape, a line, a photo or an image.

Emboss: Adding depth to text or graphics in a computer application, making an object look carved or raised from a background. In printing, impressing a design into the surface of a paper so that text or images are raised from the surface.

EPS: Encapsulated PostScript. A PostScript graphic file format that includes comments giving information such as bounding boxes, page numbers and fonts used.

Estimate: Price that states what a job will possibly cost. Also called quotation.

Export: Saving a file from an application in a different or appropriate format to be used by another application or operating system.

F

Face: Edge of a bound publication opposite the spine. Also, an abbreviation for typeface referring to a family of a general style.

FAQ: frequently asked questions.

Feather: A progressive fading away of the edge of an image, blending it with the background. Feathering tools are found in image editing programs such as Adobe Photoshop.

File: A collection of data stored on a disk. This can be a document, an application or resource.
File extension: An optional addition to the file name as an abbreviated suffix at the end of a filename. (such as photo.jpg) It is used to describe the file type or application that created the file. It is always separated from the filename by a period.

Filename: A name given to a particular file.

Fixed Costs: Costs that remain the same regardless of how many pieces are printed. Copyrighting, photography and design are fixed costs.

Flat Size: Size of product after printing and trimming, but before folding, as compared to finished size.
Font: A complete set of type characters of one size and face.

Four-color Process Printing: Technique of printing that uses black, magenta, cyan and yellow to simulate full-colour images. Also called colour process printing, full colour printing and process printing.

FTP: File Transfer Protocol. A common system for sending files between computers across the internet or over a network.

G

GIF: Graphics Interchange Format. A compact image format developed by CompuServe that displays up to 256 colours. It works well on website graphics such as cartoons or line drawings that use only a few colours. Later new features were added in GIF89a that enabled animation, interlacing and transparency.

Gradient: A smooth progression from one colour or tone to another involving two or more colours.

Graphic design: The art of designing printed or electronic forms of visual communication, such as advertisements, logos or websites.

Greyscale: A continuous tone image comprised of greys from white to black. In printing, a greyscale image is made up of only black ink. The value of gray is defined by the density and size of the black dots printed.

H

Halftone: A process that will reproduce a continuous tone image on a press by splitting up the image into a pattern of dots. The dots vary in size, determining tones or shades.

Hairline rule: Generally the thinnest line likely to print. This is usually .25 of a point.

HTML: The abbreviation for Hypertext Markup Language. A cross-platform text-formatting system for creating web pages, including copy, images, sounds, frames, animation and more.

HLS: A colour model that characterizes colours by hue, lightness and saturation.

HSB: A colour model that characterizes colours by hue, saturation and brightness.

HSV: A colour model that characterizes colours by hue, saturation and value.

Hue: Hue is the actual colour of an object. Hue is pure spectral colour that distinguishes one colour from another.

I

Image editor: A pixel-based application (such as Adobe Photoshop) used for manipulating scanned or computer generated images.

Image map: A website term that refers to an image containing embedded links to urls, images or documents. A link is activated when clicking on the proper area of the image.

Interlaced GIF: A feature of the GIF89a (Graphics Interchange Format) file format that displays images in two passes of alternating lines rather than loading images one line at a time.

Internet: The interconnected structure of networks connecting computers around the world.

Italic: Letterforms that slant.   (like this)

J

Jacket:  An outer covering for a book. The jacket folds around the book, but does not attach to it. Originally created to protect the binding and keep out dust, but now used for more for marketing purposes.

Jaggies: A jagged look of an image or type that happens when the resolution is inadequate or when images have been increased. The square pixels that make up the image are then visible to the naked eye. Also called aliasing.

Java: A programming language created by Sun Microsystems. Java is primarily used for applying dynamic effects to websites in the form of downloadable, stand-alone applications called "applets". Java applets can run in Java-capable web browsers or any system/setting that supports Java.

JavaScript: Netscape's cross-platform scripting language that provides a more simple method (as opposed to Java) of applying dynamic effects to websites. Microsoft supports a similar language called JScript.

JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group is the name of the committee that designed the standard image compression algorithm. The JPEG file format was designed for compressing full colour or greyscale digital images such as photographs. It does not work so well on images that use only a few colours.

Job Number: A number assigned to a specific printing project in a printing company for use in tracking and historical record keeping.

Justification: Distributing space between words and letters in lines of text so that the left and right edges are "flush", with the exception of the last line in a paragraph. Also called justified.

K

K: Represents the colour black, a primary printing process colour. Black is shown by the letter K which stands for the key plate, a printing plate that helps position and register other colours.

Kerning: Adjusting (increasing or decreasing) the space between adjoining type characters.

L

Landscape: An image or page in a horizontal format, where the width is greater than the height.

Layout: The process of positioning text and graphics on a page. Also the design of a page or book. This can include page size, page numbers, type size, typeface and titles.

Leading: The spacing or distance between lines of type. Normally measured in points.

Line art: Artwork comprised of only black and white components with no continuous tones.

Logo: A symbol, name or design consisting of type and/or artwork, symbolizing a product or an organization's unique identity.

LPI: Lines Per Inch. When photographs or shades or tints of a colour are printed, they're screened. The LPI represents the number of rows of dots per each inch. A greater number produces greater resolution.

M

Margin: The outer blank area surrounding pictures and text on a page.

Masthead: The title of a newspaper, newsletter or publication appearing on the front page. Also called a nameplate.

Meta tag: An HTML tag that provides search engines information such as descriptions and keywords pertaining to a specific website.

Moiré: An unwanted pattern occurring in halftone reproduction due to positioning dot screens at the wrong angles or poor registration. Moiré also occurs when scanning an image that has a halftone screen without using a descreening filter.

N

Noise: A random appearance of pixels on an image to create an effect or decrease definition.

O

Opacity: The density of an image, colour or tonal value. Also the measure of transparency of type or an image.

Outline: The outside edge of text or a graphic.

Overprint: To print two or more colours in a way so they overlap. This printing technique is used to prevent gaps from turning up between colours or to add a third colour.

P

Pica: A printer's unit of type size. A pica is equal to 12 points or about 1/6 of an inch. Used for determining the measurement of lines, illustrations, or printed pages.

Pixel: The smallest unit of a digital image or picture on a monitor or video display.

Point size: Measurement used to indicate the size of type.

Portrait: An image or page in a vertical format, where the height is longer than the width.

PostScript Type: A digital font technology based on the Adobe PostScript language. One PostScript file is used for screen display and one for printing.

PPI: Pixels Per Inch. The number of pixels that can be displayed on a monitor per inch.

Q

QuickTime: Apple's multimedia technology for integrating full-motion video, sound, text and animation into a single file.

R

Raster: An image or graphic defined by pixels. A rasterized image can be very detailed, such as a photograph, but lacks the ability to be resized without loss of quality.

Resolution: measurement used to express image quality, calculated in DPI (dot per inch). High resolution images for print should be saved at a minimum of 300dpi at least. The more resolution and colours, the more memory required.

RGB: (Red Green Blue) The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.

The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.

For printing on paper, the CMYK colour space is used, not RGB. Combination of cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink make up all the colours. See CMYK

Restoration (digital) photo restoration uses digital image editing techniques to remove visible damage and aging effects from photographs. Software such as Adobe Photoshop are typically used.
Blemishes are removed from the photograph manually, by painting over them meticulously. Unwanted colour casts are removed and the image's contrast or sharpening may be altered in an attempt to restore some of the contrast range or detail that is believed to be in the original image.

Types of restoration:

• Discoloration (such as yellowing) of the photographic paper due to age and chemical reaction (ie. acid)
• Discoloration of the print due to fading
• Dust and hair visible on the photograph
• Scratches or tears on the print
• Blotches or spots caused by bacteria or mold

Retouching:  Process of correcting or improving artwork, particularly photographs (either positives or negatives) ; To add new details or touches to for correction or enhancement; To improve or change, as by adding details or removing flaws.

S

Sans serif: A typeface without serifs.

Saturation: The various levels of colour intensity in an image. A highly saturated image appears vivid. A low saturated image appears dull or pastel.

Screen font: The font that's displayed on a computer screen, resembling the printer font and showing approximately how the type will print.

Selection: An area of an image that is selected for editing, leaving the rest of the image protected.

Serif: Short cross-strokes or finishing strokes in the letterforms of a typeface.

T

Text wrap: A page layout term that refers to the way text can be wrapped around the edges of an image or shape. Sometimes called runaround.

Thumbnail: A reduced image of a graphic or page, used in order to view several images on a screen at one time. This enables downloading images more quickly.

TIFF: Tagged Image File Format. A graphic file format used for high resolution bitmapped images.

Tint: A shade of a colour made by adding white to a solid colour.

Tracking: Adjusting (increasing or decreasing) the space between type characters in a selected allotment of text.

Tansparent GIF:  A feature of the GIF89a image file format that lets a designer designate one colour in the image's palette as transparent. This enables the background to show through designated parts of an image.

Trapping: Printing one ink over another, preventing gaps or misregistration between two adjacent elements.

Trim marks: Marks at the corner of an image pointing out where to trim a printed page. Also called crop marks.

True Type: A digital font technology developed as alternative to PostScript. One True Type file is used for screen display and printing.

Type: A number, letter or glyph drawn in a huge variety of designs, sizes and weights that belongs to a type family.

Typeface: The style or design of a font such as Helvetica. For example, the type family Helvetica contains the typefaces Helvetica, Helvetica Bold, Helvetica Italic and Helvetica Bold Italic. Whereas 10pt Helvetica Bold refers to a font.

Type family: A full range typefaces that are variations on the same design.

U

Uncoated Paper:  Paper that has not been coated with clay. Also called offset paper.

Unsharp mask:  A sharpening method that sharpens images without the graininess that appears with most other sharpening methods.

Up:  Term to indicate multiple copies of one image printed in one impression on a single sheet. "Two up" or "three up" means printing the identical piece twice or three times on each sheet.

URL: The abbreviation for Uniform Resource Locator. An address that refers to a designated document on the Internet.

V

Value: Used to describe colour brightness.

Varnish:  Liquid applied as a coating for protection and appearance.

Vector graphic: An image stored and displayed in terms of vectors instead of points. A vector image is defined by lines and mathematical calculations (rather than pixels such as in a bitmap). Images created in vector based programs such as Illustrator or Freehand allow a designer to resize images easily without loss of quality.

Vignette: An image that lacks a defined border. A photo or illustration in which the tones gradually fade away until blending with the background.

W

Watermark: A semi-transparent design imprinted on paper during manufacturing that is evident when the paper is held up to light. Also a method of encoding a digital image with information to discourage unauthorized use.

Weight: Light, medium, bold (in reference to type).

Web Press:  Press that prints from rolls of paper, usually cutting it into sheets after printing. Also called reel-fed press. Web presses come in many sizes, the most common being mini, half, three quarter (also called 8-pages) and full (also called 16-pages).

White space: Open space between type, graphics or any element on a page.

WYSIWYG: The abbreviation for What You See Is What You Get.

www: The abbreviation for the World Wide Web. It is the entire collection of web servers all over the world that are connected to the Internet.

X

x-axis: The horizontal axis of a two-dimensional coordinate system. In Graphic Design, a horizontal line on a graph or grid used to show the position of a point. Can also be one of three axes in a three-dimensional coordinate system (x, y, z coordinates).

x, y coordinates: The point at which data is located on a two-dimensional coordinate system.

XHTML: The abbreviation for Extensible Hypertext Mark-up Language. A hybrid of XML and HTML.

Y

y-axis: The vertical axis of a two-dimensional coordinate system. In Graphic Design, a vertical line on a graph or grid used to show the position of a point.

Z

Zero point: In an application, the origin of horizontal and vertical axes or rulers.

Zip: Also known as a Zip Disk. A portable storage disk created by Iomega, used in a removable storage device called a Zip Drive.

Zoom: In an application, a tool or feature that enables you to enlarge a portion of an image or document.

REFERENCES:
Wikipedia website http://en.wikipedia.org
Answers.com website http://www.answers.com